My Latest Newspaper Editorial: Sheltered Workshops Tarnish ADA's Intent

Here's the original: http://www.dnews.com/story/Opinion/54215/

Last week marked the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act.  The passage of the ADA by the George H.W. Bush administration was seen as a landmark civil rights policy for people with disabilities and was touted as a step toward ending discrimination on the basis of ability in the United States. Although the ADA has provided impetus for many important changes, the overall intent of the law has not been fulfilled.

As a researcher in the field of disability studies, I am very interested in the origins of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities and other physical differences. Over the years I have consistently identified a disturbing undercurrent of bitterness toward individuals with disabilities. A couple of years ago I spoke with a group of teachers from across Idaho about students with disabilities, and I was honestly shocked by some of their responses. One teacher said: "The handicapped kids give me a job, but I often wonder if I'm wasting my time. Most of the kids I work with won't grow up to have jobs, pay taxes, or contribute to the community; they will just be a burden on the system when they grow up." To be fair, this sentiment is widely held by many across our community and country. 

We live in a culture that is hopelessly preoccupied with physical perfection, and we are quick to judge those who appear or behave differently. We also live in a country that equates an individual's social worth with "productivity" - we glorify those who can generate/accumulate capital and look good while doing it. These distorted values leave many of us disillusioned and demoralized, but it also provides the energy for perpetuating destructive stereotypes about individuals with disabilities as unproductive, helpless and objects of pity. 

The ADA was drafted to combat the discrimination and prejudice that historically has relegated people with disabilities to the role of recipients of charity. The overall intent of the ADA was to extend basic civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities who experience discrimination in employment, housing, transportation, education and community life. The idea was to change society's treatment of people with disabilities, and to provide the legal recognition of individuals with disabilities as equal, productive members of American society. 

The ADA dramatically altered the urban landscape for individuals with disabilities in larger cities - curb cuts, ramps and accessible public transportation are now important elements of the U.S. urban geography, but individuals with disabilities in rural areas, and especially Idaho, still have to deal with a widespread dearth of public transportation, accessible homes and businesses, community resources and viable employment opportunities. Unfortunately, Idaho is a state that is severely underdeveloped in the area of viable employment opportunities for people with disabilities.

Nationally, the rate of unemployment for people with disabilities is an astounding 63.2 percent. In Idaho the rate of unemployment for individuals with disabilities is 57.4 percent, according a 2009 report issued by the Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics. Admittedly, Idaho is doing marginally better than the national average, but Idaho's numbers can be deceiving. Idaho is a state that still supports a large sheltered workshop industry where people with disabilities are employed for extremely low pay in dead-end, grindingly boring jobs. Most sheltered workshops also are exempt from minimum wage laws, a fact that makes them one of the sole bastions of modern slave labor in the U.S.

Sheltered workshops are counterproductive to the intent of the ADA. People with disabilities deserve the opportunity to hold meaningful, community-based jobs and to be viewed as truly productive members of their communities and the state. Idaho has a moral imperative to address the disability employment situation in our state. The ADA is a good foundation, but it doesn't change attitudes or provide jobs. As disability activist Mary Johnson has noted: "A law cannot guarantee what a culture will not give."

Students Come to UI Horribly Underprepared

My Town Crier Editorial--Moscow Daily News: February 10, 2010.  

See the original story here: http://www.dnews.com/archived-story/Opinion/95708/

For the past three years it has been my privilege to teach in the University of Idaho Core Discovery program.  Each year I look forward to meeting the new crop of first-year students.   I love to see their passion for the adventures of college life; but, from a pedagogical perspective, I have also learned to dread the first few weeks of class.  At the beginning of every semester, like clockwork, I inevitably get the same question from my students: “Is this going to be on the test?”  

I take great pains to inform my students that I don’t believe in tests, but prefer to assess their learning through reflective journaling, critical essays, and research papers, but that response makes them very nervous and creates tremendous tension in the classroom.  The anxiety level reaches fever pitch when I give them their first assignment, usually a variation on the “This I Believe” essay format made popular by Edward R. Murrow in the 1950’s and revived by NPR several years ago.  There are always a handful of students that rise to the challenge, but the vast majority struggle to complete the assignment.  Most students provide me with a generic essay that tells me more about what they have been told they should believe than what they really think.

Every year it is more and more difficult to see my students struggle with expressing and understanding themselves.  The rigidly prescriptive requirements of NCLB and the alienating nature of standards-based curriculum is the primary reason why so many students come to the university unprepared for the academic demands of college courses.  Regardless of how they perform on high school exit exams, like the WASL or ISAT, students are still coming to the university horribly underprepared. 

The 2009 ACT College Readiness Report indicates that only 21 percent of students meet the knowledge and skill benchmarks in reading, writing, math, and science required to succeed in entry-level college courses.   In an interview on February 6, 2010 U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan cited the statistic that 60% of college students have to take remedial courses in Math or English before they can adequately compete at the college level.   Current educational methods in U.S. public schools alienate students by focusing on discrete, measurable, learning outcomes that are decontextualized and focused on getting students to pass standardized tests like the WASL and ISAT in the interest of keeping schools’ scores high enough to avoid official sanctions while continuing to move students through with the lowest cost possible.  This focus on a single homogenized curriculum necessitates the marginalization of diverse voices and perspectives, creating students with narrow worldviews and little connection to place or community.  For many students learning has become a rote, mechanical exercise while the creativity and critical thinking skills, so essential to success at the college level, have been removed from the entire K-12 educational enterprise.

The Core Curriculum at the University of Idaho is committed to challenging and supporting this first generation of NCLB students through creative, interdisciplinary curricula that requires them to think about their place in their communities and their identity in the context of a broader, more diverse world of ideas; but the Core Curriculum at the University of Idaho is a program that is hanging by a thread.  Since its inception over 10 years ago the Core has had to beg and borrow from other colleges to maintain its status and solvency.  The Core Curriculum has become an easy target for administrators and faculty who see it as a drain on limited resources that could be used to hedge against deeper departmental cuts in these years of tight budgets.  But the Core Curriculum has a proven track record of promoting student retention and future success at the University of Idaho.   It has never been more important that first-year students at the University of Idaho experience an outreach-based pedagogy that challenges the technocratic methods they have grown accustomed to in the public schools.  In my opinion it’s one of the few programs that might help them recover their humanity and reinstill the wonder and passion of learning.